Write a letter to a friend what it was like being a 19th century Essay

Write a letter to a friend what it was like being a 19th century worker. involving karl max and Robert Owen odeas - Essay Example As many factories began to emerge, people started to work at factories instead of at farms as it was before industrialization. Children started working for many of factories, Mines, and shops that needed help, and there were not enough men or women to meet the increasing labor demands. Children were seen as cheap, plentiful, and easy to control labor. Orphanages and even parents would give up their children to the cotton mills owners and other operators in exchange for sustenance. As young Children, we had to do the most dangerous and difficult jobs like coal mining, and fixing broken machinery. The coal mines were the worst because young children had to travel through the mines with poor lighting, and often carrying loads. Working from six in the morning to nine at night with no meals and a long distance from home the children suffered. If late for work, the children were often beaten, and if we worked slowly, or fell asleep at the machines, the supervisors could hit us using a strap. Women and children offered cheap labor and could work for less than a man would accept. Spending so many hours a day over factory machines often left us with bowed legs and poorly developed limbs and muscles. If one of us not "lucky" enough to be employed in these mines, he had the unpleasant option of living on the streets, which was accompanied with raw sewage, rotting animals, vegetable wastes, rats, disease, and putrid water. They also had to find food and a place to stay in when it is rainy and cold. Karl Marx was an idealist. He envisaged the cruelties and injustices that children, endured during the period of the industrial revolution. It was from the events that Marx developed the communist idea. Karl Marx was one of those reformers proposing and arguing for the reforms through the Communist Manifesto. His goals of the communist party were to end the exploitation of the working class and create a society with equality and no social classes. Marx has helped

Recommend Your Friends Essay Example for Free

Recommend Your Friends Essay 1. F. James McDonald the former president of the US automobile workers federation suggested an average reduction of 4% in the price of the car. The automobile market was weak, which resulted in unemployment. Lower price would lead to greater sales and stimulate employment. McDonald believed that a 4% reduction in price would increase sales by 16%.David black, representing the management of the automobile manufacturers disagreed with McDonald’s estimation. Black cited studies which indicated price elasticity’s ranging from 0.5 to 1.5.Black made it clear that he was referring to the elasticity of demand in response to a permanent price change of all manufacturers. He admitted that the elasticity to a temporary price cut might be greater. The studies to which Black referred found elasticity’s ranging from 0.65 to 1.53. a. Explain the concept of elasticity of demand and the factors that affect it. Answer:- From the decision-making perspective, the firm needs to know effect of changes in any of the independent variables in the demand function on the quantity demanded. Some of these variables are under the control of management, such as price, advertising, product quality, and customer service. For these variables, management must know the effects of changes on quantity to assess the desirability of institution the change. Other variables, including income price of competitor’s products, and expectations of consumers regarding future prices, are outside the direct control of the firm. Nevertheless, effective forecasting of demand requires that the firm be able to measure the impact of changes in these variables on the quantity demanded. The most common used measure of the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to changes in any of the variables that influence the demand function is elasticity. In general, elasticity may be through of as a ratio of the percentage(%) change in one quantity(or variable) to the percentage(%) change in another, ceteris paribus(all other things remain unchanged). In other words, how responsive in some dependent variable to change in a particular variable? With these in mind, we define the price elasticity of demand(Ed) as the ratio of the percentage (%) change in quantity demanded to a percentage (%) change in price. Where [pic]Q= Change in quantity demanded [pic]P= Change in Price Because of the normal inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded, the sign of the price coefficient will usually be negative. Occasionally, price elasticity’s are referred to as absolute values. The use of absolute values will be indicates where appropriate. Problems result when calculating elasticity if initial prices and quantities are used as bases, so economists typically use midpoint bases. The price-elasticity of demand is negative but, for convenience, we use absolute values to avoid the negative sign. If price elasticity is less than one, then demand is relatively unresponsive to changes in price and is said to be inelastic. If elasticity is greater than one, demand is very responsive to price changes and is elastic. Demand is unitarily elastic if the elasticity coefficient equals one. Elasticity, price changes, and total revenues (expenditures) are related in the following manner: If demand is inelastic (elastic) and price increases (falls), total revenue will rise. If demand is elastic (inelastic) and price rises (falls), total revenue (expenditures) will fall. If demand is unitarily elastic (ed = 1), total revenue will be unaffected by price changes. The number and quality of substitutes, the proportion of the total budget spent, and the length of time considered are three important determinants of the elasticity of demand. Demand is more elastic the more substitutes are available, the more of the budget the item consumes, and the longer the time frame considered. Along any negatively sloped linear demand curve, parts of the curve will be elastic, unitarily elastic, and inelastic. The price-elasticity of demand rises as the price rises. Factors Affecting the Elasticity of Demand:- Availability of Substitutes- The most important determinant of the price elasticity of demand is the availability and closeness of substitutes. The greater the number of substitute goods, the more price elastic is the demand for a product because a customer can easily shift to a substitute goods if the price of a product in question increases. Durable Goods- The demand for durable goods tends to be more price elastic than the demand for nondurable. This is true because of the ready availability of a relatively inexpensive substitute in many cases; that is repairing a worn-out durable good, such as a television, car, or refrigerator, rather than buying a new one. Consumer of durable goods is often in a position to wait for a more favorable price, a sale, or a special deal when buying these items. This accounts for some of the volatility in the demand for durable goods. Relative Size of Expenditures- The demand for relatively high-priced goods tends to be more price elastic than the demand for inexpensive items. This is true because expensive items account for a greater portion of a person’s income and potential expenditures than do low-priced. Consequently, we would expect the demand for automobiles to be more price elastic than demand for children’s toys. Time Frame of Analysis- Over time, the demand for many products tends to become more elastic because of the increase in the number of effective substitutes that become available. For example, in the short run, the demand for gasoline may be relatively price inelastic because the only available alternatives are not talking a trip or using some from of public transportation. Over time, as consumer replaces their cars, they find another excellent substitute for gasoline- namely, more fuel-efficient vehicles. Also, other product alternatives may come available, such as electric cars or cars powered by natural gas or coal. b. Interpret the meaning of David Blake’s demand estimate ranging from .65 to 1.53.Explain the significance of demand elasticity in taking business decision. Answer:- McDonald believed that, 4% reduction in price would increase sales by 16% therefore, 1% reduction in price would increase sales by 4% So, PED = 4 McDonald believed that PED was only Elastic. He did not consider the Rich end of the buyers who may not be much affected by this change. Thus PED should be Inelastic for them. The Middle Class buyers would get a chance to buy Automobiles at lower prices. So the sales would be high for some times. But, in time, as the Factors affecting Elasticity comes in action, sales may go down or not in future. Blake, on the other hand, referred to statistical studies that considered both ends of the buyers (Range on the Demand Curve, where Elasticity was both greater and smaller than 1) and also other Factors of Elasticity. For Long term offer, it considered the Factors of Elasticity and consecutive steps taken by the competitive Automobile companies. As a result, the Range of Elasticity was: PED = 0.5 (Inelastic for Rich) to 1.5 (Elastic for others) Average = 1.0 For Short term offer, it was affected less by the Factors of Elasticity. As a result, the Range of Elasticity was: PED = 0.65 (Inelastic for Rich) to 1.53 (Elastic for others) Average = 1.09 So Elasticity is more on the Short Run offer.

Gay Marriage Should be Legal Essay -- Same-Sex Marriage Essays

On June 26, 2015, the US Supreme Court ruled that the US Constitution guarantees the right for same-sex couples to marry. Many conservative groups do NOT agree with this decision. The believe that gay marriage should not be permitted but civil unions should be granted to lesbians and homosexuals. On the other hand there is a large group that believes neither gay marriage nor civil unions should be offered to gay and lesbian couples and that any legal union should be available to heterosexual couples only. The different opinions that are expressed by society’s attitudes towards gay marriage continue to cause great controversy throughout the country, and should come to a halt by allowing homosexuals to wed. The true meaning of marriage is sharing vows between two people to bind their feelings toward each other forever. Many feel that the sanction should be shared between a man and a woman and if it is opened to homosexuals this will take away from the importance of marriage. According to Robert Cummings, a writer for the Flint Journal, states, â€Å"Gay marriage is a mockery of a marriage between a man and a woman† (Cummings). A large amount of society feels that if gay people are married the sanction of marriage will become corrupt and will no longer be as important as it currently is. If marriage is such an important sanction between a man and a woman that will be corrupted by gay people, than why are men and women getting divorced each day as if marriage means nothing? Straight people take advantage of the privilege they have to wed, while gay couples have to suffer because they are not considered â€Å"normal†. Everyone is so fixed on the point that if they allow homo sexuals to marry there will be an increase in the d... ...e many different beliefs of society and religious groups. Although this country prides itself on freedom, the people that live within the country are not allowing for the country to be free by placing judgment on those who are â€Å"different†. If we begin as a nation to become more accustomed to different ways of life, the world will be a much safer and peaceful place to live. Works Cited Cummings, Robert. â€Å"Gay Marriage Simply Sinful.† Flint Journal. 8 November 2006. Academic Universe. Lexis-Nexis. Memorial Library, Cortland, NY. 12 March 2007. 11 May 2007. . Waldman, Steven. "A Common Missed Conception". Nov 19 2003. Nov 7 2004. . Roberts, John. "Gay Marriage Fight Heats Up." Feb 11 2004. Nov 6 2004. .

Marina Gana Vida Essay

PROBLEM: What could Jonah Nobleza do to balance the employment and production of MGV? OBJECTIVES: To be able to find an alternative way to scale-up the production without sacrificing the mission of MGV. To prove to the investors that MGV is a successful social enterprise with viable economic. To be able to spot the best possible solution balancing employment vs. production. AREAS OF CONSIDERATION: Strengths The staffs of MGV are all professionally trained. Providing health products to consumers Promoting environmentally friendly fishing practices Well-developed facilities Provides healthy fish farming Women are skilled in fish processing Opportunities Providing business opportunities to Muslim women in Davao community Having more loyal customers Adopt technology Weakness Limited capacity of production Lack of investors Not using chemical pesticides that reduces the quantity of fish Threats Competition of other fishing industries Natural or man-made calamities ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION: Stick to their goals to hire more workers by adding another processing plant Merge machine labour and manual labour in production process Replace the manual labour into automated labour process while the workers will serve as indirect employees. RECOMMENDATION: The best alternative course of action is the second solution, which is merging of manual and automated labour process which is in production there will be a machine to help fasten their production for better labour process and to maintain the employment, there should also be a manual process for the workers to help manipulate and monitor the machines. CONCLUSION: We therefore conclude that our recommendation can help the company increase their production without eradicating workers in view of the fact that they can also help in monitoring the machinery to speed up production and we can assign them in manipulating the machines. Adding more machines also means hiring more workers and as a result of having faster production. As their goal is to provide employment to many poor household they were able to maintain their social enterprise.

Essay About Stereotyping Essay

Chimamanda Adichie uses the phrase â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story.† She states â€Å"it robs people of dignity. It makes our recognition of our equal humanity difficult. It emphasizes how we are different rather than how we are similar†. Adichie was referring to stereotyping or is what she calls â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story.† A single story is an oversimplified, usually pejorative, attitude people hold toward those outside one’s own experience who are different. Adichie says â€Å"The single story creates stereotypes, and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete. They make one story become the only story.† When she stated that it brought me back to my childhood because I remember as a young African American girl growing up with a bunch of Caucasians. I used to get judged because I was black and many kids thought that I came from Africa and that I wasn’t smart or that I didn’t have the ability to read or write because I was African American. They were basically calling me dumb and were grouping all African Americans in that category and I just thought oh they were just joking around, but I came to realize that they weren’t joking. They were kids who were saying things that they have over heard about in their household or have been taught growing up. Stereotyping is still an issue in society today and I feel as though everyone stereotypes. There are many different viewpoints from every individual in the world from their race, background, gender, as well as their age groups. According to Joi Downing, stereotyping is formed many different ways and for many different reasons. Joi states that â€Å"stereotyping is formed to describe a person or to make judgments about a person.† She believes they are formed by social media and what people where taught when growing up. Downing says she doesn’t believe that they were formed in today’s time but that they have evolved from the past. She believes the only reason people stereotype is because that is how they were raised and/or they are just doing what they saw when they were growing up. She states â€Å"I’ve seen this happen in front of my ey es and I know  many people like this.† Downing has reasons and is certain that most people just stereotype because they see other people doing it so they do the same and then there are others who are just doing what they were taught. Although Anthony has the same views as Joi, they differ in many ways. Anthony argues that most people do not intentionally mean to pass judgment on people, however others do. He states â€Å"Personally, I think it is part of human nature to place things into categories. But, over time, we as people have learned how to classify people and things into certain groups depending on color, race, size, or economic stability.† He says that most people simply and innocently assume that due to similarities between individuals or things, they can be automatically categorized. Anthony states that â€Å"Sometimes we end up placing them into a category that has nothing to do with them, but because they seem to look or act similar to something, we automatically assume they are the same.† Anthony believes that everyone automatically stereotypes no matter what, but don’t mean to. Joi and Anthony have just about the same views on single stories, but their views are a little different in some aspects. Anthony argues that people do not intentionally mean to pass judgments on people, but Joi thinks a little differently. She believes that most people just stereotype because they see other people doing it, so they are intentionally meaning to judge or stereotype others. As Anthony being an older Caucasian male, he has different ways of looking at stereotyping than Joi being a young African American female. There are different viewpoints abut stereotyping from many races, age groups as well as gender.

Writing Acrostic Poems Valentines Poetry Lesson

Writing Acrostic Poems Valentines Poetry Lesson Are you in need of a quick Valentines Day poetry lesson plan to share with your students? Consider practicing acrostic poetry with them. To begin, follow these steps. First you must start by modeling the format of acrostic poems with your students. Work together to write a collective acrostic poem on the whiteboard. You can start out simple and use a students name. As a class brainstorm words and/or phrases that correlate with how the students feel about the name you are using for the example. For instance, lets say that you use the name Sara. Students may say words like sweet, awesome, rad, etc.Give your students a Valentines-related word list so that they can write their own acrostic poem. Consider the words: love, February, heart, friends, appreciate, chocolate, red, hero, and happy. Discuss the meaning of these words and the importance of expressing their appreciation to loved ones on the Valentines Day holiday.Next, give your students time to write their acrostic poems. Circulate and offer guidance as needed. Be sure to offer students suggestions if they ask.If you have time, allow the students to illustrate their poems. This project makes a great bulletin board display for February, especially if you do it a few weeks ahead of time! Suggest that your students give their acrostic poems to family members as Valentines Day gifts. Valentines Acrostic Poem Sample #1 Here is a sample of just using the word Valentine from a teacher. V - Very important to me A - Always smiling at me L - Love and adoration is what I feel E - Every day I love you N - Never make me frown T - Too many reasons to count I - I hope were always together N - Now and forever E - Each and every moment with you is special Sample #2 Here is a sample of using the word February from a student in fourth grade. F - feels very cold E - every single day B - because its winter time in every single way R - red means love U - underneath the warm sun A - always dreaming of the warmer months R -ready to celebrate Valentines day Y - Yes, I love Valentines Day even though its cold outside Sample  #3 Here is a sample acrostic poem using the word love from a second grade student. L - laughing O -oh how I love to laugh V - valentines day is about love E - every day I wish it was Valentines Day Sample #4 Here is a sample poem by a fifth grade student using the word grandma. G - Grandma is special and kind and sweet R - rad like a biker and someone you want to meet A - awesome N - not to mention cool D - daring and sweet, she always M - makes me laugh A - and that just cant be beat Sample #5 Here is a sample poem written by a fifth grader for her best friend. In this poem she used the name of her friend. A - A is for awesome and for someone I want to be N - N is for nice, because shes like my family D - D is for dedicated, because she is always by my side R - R is for radiant, I will always have her pride E - E is for generic, shes always on the go A - A is for angelic, she always seems to glow.

Why Nations Go to War essays

Why Nations Go to War essays In Why Nations Go To War, Dr. Joseph Stoessinger explains eight cases in which why nations do go to war. The chapters read about the Vietnam War and Kosovo explain why these nations went to war and what mistakes hurt each nation. Stoessinger explains that some problems, such as political and economical issues, have hurt the outcome of each war. The war in Vietnam started out as a struggle between France and Communist leader, Ho Chi Minh. President Truman was the first of five presidents to lead the United States through Vietnam. At first, the president thought of the war as Frances problem, but soon wanted France to stay in the war with the help of an aid program. President Truman would end up not sending committed combat troops into the war, but would end his presidency with America paying almost one-third of the total cost of the French war effort. President Eisenhower picked up the presidency, but had China on the side of Ho Chi Minh. Eisenhower increased military aid to France and had America paying over one-half the cost of the war. The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was Frances last chance in Indochina. Eisenhower was informed that, without American intervention, Indochina would be lost. French involvement in the war was ended with the Geneva Accords and the creation of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization; the United States started their presence in Indochina. Ho Chi Minh would have peaceful coexistence with the Soviet Union and China, and would advance to win the general election of 1956 winning him all of Vietnam. The SEATO was created to prevent further territory in Asia to falling under Communist control. The SEATO disrupted the results of the Geneva Accords and also decided to consider South Vietnam a separate state. Ho Chi Minh considered this a violation of the Accords and also believed the Americans were tr ying to hurt him in the political arena. The war bet...

Why the Reverse PIN System Is Not in Use

Why the Reverse PIN System Is Not in Use Does typing in a reverse PIN at the bank ATM machine really call the police? Since 2006, a raft of emails and social media posts have helpfully suggested that people being forced by robbers to withdraw cash from an ATM machine could summon the police by entering their PIN number in reverse order. If you should ever be forced by a robber to withdraw money from an ATM machine, you can notify the police by entering your Pin # in reverse,  one widely circulated email reads. So, let’s say you are able to actually do that – naturally and quickly – with a pistol sticking in your ribs  during a robbery at your banks automated teller machine. Will the police automatically be summoned to the crime scene? No. In reality, the idea of a reverse PIN is just that - an idea whose time has not come, even though the technology exists. Heres the question: If the idea of a reverse PIN alert system sounds great, and its already been invented, whats the holdup? Reverse PIN Questioned by Government Federal legislation signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2009 raised hope that reverse PIN technology, an attempt to provide more safety for consumers who use ATMs, might be put into use. The Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009 mandated that the Federal Trade Commission study the cost-effectiveness of making available at automated teller machines technology that enables a consumer that is under duress to electronically alert a local law enforcement agency that an incident is taking place... Banks interviewed by the FTC reported that they had never installed any type of emergency-PIN system on their ATM machines and had no plans to do so in the future. â€Å"FTC staff learned that emergency-PIN technologies have never been deployed at any ATMs, reported the FTC. The respondent banks reported that none of their ATMs currently have installed, or have ever had installed, an emergency-PIN system of any sort. The ATM manufacturer Diebold confirms that, to its knowledge, no ATMs have or have had an emergency-PIN system.† The study, made public in April 2010, suggested that the reverse PIN system or alarm buttons would not stop or significantly reduce ATM robberies and could even â€Å"increase the danger to customers who are targeted by offenders.† While there may be some potential for decreasing ATM-related crime and injury, there is also the possibility that emergency-PIN systems will have little or no effect, or that they will even increase injury, the FTCs Bureau of Economics reported. How is that possible? Reverse PIN Opposed by Banks The FTC study warned that the reverse PIN system might actually increase the  physical danger to the victim because of the difficulties distressed customers may experience in using the system. Banks that cooperated by the FTC study said customers who fumble while trying to type in their reverse PIN face a real risk of personal harm. There are ... concerns that customers under stress may be unlikely to remember the reverse of their PIN, which may place them in greater danger should the perpetrator figure out what they are attempting to do and escalate the situation, Bank of America told the FTC. So what is a customer to do in the event of a crime? Comply, Wells Fargos senior vice president for ATM and store strategy  said. If a crime is being committed, we believe the safest course of action is for a customer to comply with the demands of their attacker, he wrote to the FTC. How Reverse PIN System Would Work A reverse PIN system would allow distressed ATM customers with a bank card PIN of 1234, for example, to enter this number backward, 4321, and automatically send an electronic relay message to a dispatch center or the police, alerting them to the customers location. Bogus Reverse PIN Email One of the most widely forwarded emails wrongly claiming the reverse PIN system is in use reads: LIFE-SAVING information!!!GOOD INFORMATION TO KNOW ABOUT.PLEASE PASS THIS INFORMATION ONTHE RECENT TRAGEDY OF A YOUNG WOMAN BEING KIDNAPPED ANDEVENTUALLY KILLED; AFTER SHE HAD REPEATEDLY GIVEN THE KIDNAPPER A WRONG PIN TO HER ATM CARD. IF SHE KNEW THE METHOD BELOW, SHE COULD HAVE BEEN SAVED. SO I THINK IT IS IMPORTANT ENOUGH TO LET YOU KNOW!!!!!!!!!!!!!IF YOU SHOULD EVER BE FORCED BY A ROBBER TO WITHDRAW MONEY FROM AN ATM MACHINE, YOU CAN NOTIFY THE POLICE BY ENTERING YOUR PIN # IN REVERSE.FOR EXAMPLE IF YOUR PIN NUMBER IS 1234 THEN YOU WOULD PUT IN4321.THE ATM RECOGNIZES THAT YOUR PIN NUMBER IS BACKWARDS FROM THE ATM CARD YOU PLACED IN THE MACHINE. THE MACHINE WILL STILL GIVE YOU THE MONEY YOU REQUESTED, BUT UNKNOWN TO THE ROBBER, THE POLICE WILL BE IMMEDIATELY DISPATCHED TO HELP YOU.THIS INFORMATION WAS RECENTLY BROADCAST ON FOX TV AND IT STATES THAT IT IS SELDOM USED BECAUSE PEOPLE DONT KNOW IT EXISTS.PLEASE PASS THIS ALONG. Fast Facts on Reverse PIN Technology Entering a PIN number in reverse order at an ATM machine or other electronic account verification devices will not automatically notify or summon the police.Though the reverse PIN notification technology† exists, its use is opposed by both the U.S. government and the banking industry due to the possibility of physical harm to customers who struggle to use the system while under great stress.The banking industry and law enforcement officials are continuing to work on the development of an automated ATM police notification system that will not further endanger customers. Updated by Robert Longley

Respond to the discussion about ethics and God (for online class) Essay

Respond to the discussion about ethics and God (for online class) - Essay Example Response to 2nd comment: Aquinas, like me, believed in God. He explained how humans attain satisfaction and happiness through their belief in God. Whereas I discussed how people would differ in their compliance with ethics through a belief in God. What is common between our views is that a belief or disbelief in God makes a difference. Response to 3rd comment: You compliment your own agreement with my stance on the subject when you say that in some people, â€Å"there is no sense for ethics whatsoever†. It is not that they don’t have any sense. Instead, they don’t make use of it. They may not display ethics either because they don’t believe in God, or else, they don’t fear God even if they believe. Here I don’t mean to say that all atheists lack ethics. There are many who are not believers yet have an intrinsic desire to remain decent in their attitude, and hence display ethics. Therefore, ethics is there in every human being, though its disp lay is governed not only by the individual’s belief in God. There are several other factors involved in it like personality traits, genetic traits etc. It is being hard for you to conceive how psychology is related to God because you tend to see God through the eyes of religion. Also, I don’t consider science in contrast with the concept of God, because many things said in the Holy Books are being proved by science. Response to class-mates opinions: 1. You have agreed that ethics is ingrained in humanity, but you don’t consider it to be dependent upon a belief in God. I would like to ask you if a criminal is smart enough to escape worldly punishment, would he abstain from doing wrong then? Irrespective of the fact that ethics is there in him as he is a human, would he have any respect for ethics? Certainly not! Here you may argue that I am speaking of an ideal case in which the criminal is sure that he will not be taken to task for his wrong deed, whereas in act ual, every body knows there is a strict regulatory system in every country. So you should realize that ethics is not just about abstaining from crimes that are largely visible. Even if someone lies, he disregards ethics. So would anyone care not to lie if it benefits without a fear of God? Certainly not! I agree with you when you say that ethics is in-built feature of humanity. I also agree with you when you say that ethics would exist if God does not in people’s perception. However, you need to realize that humans may have little regard for ethics, without a belief in God. 2. You have also said that a society’s legal system is enough to cause human’s to display ethics in their attitude. And also, you have considered such minor requirements of ethics as speaking truth under the umbrella term of â€Å"basic moral obligation†. I agree to you when you say that people would tend not to disregard ethics in public but would disregard it for basics. I also agree to you when you consider ethics as inside every human irrespective of his/her belief in God. Technically, you have constructed sentences in a way that make me say, â€Å"I totally agree with you!† You already seem to agree that people would disregard ethics if they think God does not exist. Because abstaining from bigger crimes and doing smaller ones does not mean that an individual respects ethics. It is just that he/she fears punishment. 3. I agree to you that religions provide their followers with a sound understanding of ethics. However, such understanding may vary

Why a College Degree is Important in Achieving Success Essay

Why a College Degree is Important in Achieving Success - Essay Example The job marketplace has changed due to the shift in developed nation towards a knowledge economy. In the social reality of the 21st century, people must seek education in order to get ahead in life.   A person’s level of intelligence does even if is really high, does not make a human exempt from the need of obtaining a college degree. Not having a college diploma closes many doors in the corporate world and limits the job alternatives a person can apply for. A person who has a bachelor’s degree earns an average salary of $51,554, which is much higher than the $28,645 average annual salary a person with a high diploma earns (Kelley, 2006). A college degree is a worthwhile investment in everyone’s future. Sometimes a young person has a tough time choosing a major when considering applying for college; it is worthwhile noting that most people do not end up working in their college field of study (Agoinst, 2008). A college degree does much more than providing a human with a specific skill set that can be applied to particular work field. It is a maturing process in which a student learns interpersonal skills, responsibility, the ability to analyze information, and many other cognitive abilities which increase the value of a person in the entire labor marketplace. In an economic environment such what were are seeing in the United States where there are massive jobs losses and a rising unemployment rate which in November 2008 reached 6.7%, the highest level in over a decade, workers must become more knowledgeable and skilled to compete in the job marketplace (Bls, 2008). A college degree is more important than ever. The new jobs being created in the new economy required knowledge of new technologies and people better prepared to handle vast amounts of information.  

Imobilization of enzymes in clinical diagnosis using nanotechnology Research Proposal

Imobilization of enzymes in clinical diagnosis using nanotechnology - Research Proposal Example Immobilization can be done either physically or chemically. Physical immobilization involves weak interactions between the existing enzyme and the support whereas chemical immobilization includes formation of covalent bonds with the enzyme. Examples of physical methods of immobilization include adsorbing the enzyme in a water-soluble matrix, microencapsulating the enzyme with a solid membrane. This article looks into an overview of how immobilization was applied in the clinical diagnosis of the above mentioned diseases and new techniques that can be applied in the diagnosis process that reflect on advancements in the preceding methods. Nanotechnology has been applied in immobilization of enzymes via peptide mapping which is achieved through proteolytic digestion with enzymes such as trypsin. This process has been a possibility due to the quick and efficiency in the identification and digestion of unknown protein. Peptide mapping is done with the aid of enzymatic cleavage of the protein. Identification of the peptide fragments is done using either matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry or electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and in each case of identification separation of the mixture improves the coverage of the sequence. Peptide mapping is disadvantageous from the manual way of manipulation of samples besides lengthened enzymatic activities during proteolytic digestion. An antibody having a high affinity for a the substance under test is attached to a solid surface for example the human chorionic gonadotropin and a mixture of the purified human chorionic gonadotropin and a fluid test sample are passed through a test system and observations made on the results. Absence of human chorionic gonadotropin in the sample tested in deduced from the binding of the linked enzyme and the less the human

Training call center personnel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Training call center personnel - Essay Example Sales made will help the company to develop better strategies for developing other sectors. The customer strategy shall include customer profiling, which involves identifying who the clients of the business are and what they need. Access channels are another consideration and for this case, the website and retail shops will stock the new products. The company also needs to determine the way of communication with customers (International Financial Corporation, 2013). The practice case will have the methods of management involved because management practices form a fundamental part of success in administration. The case will also outline the objectives of the call center department and the how personnel involved should operate. The case will also have a provision for continuous learning to ensure that the trained staff will pass the information to the untrained. Such a method will mean that the system will involve many employees, not just a few. It is necessary that the company embraces the use technology to reach and market the product. For instance, the website forms the essential component of the technological aspect of the case system. Implementation of the case will take differentiated teaching styles, but which should emphasize involvement. Participants will gain knowledge of creativity on how to tackle customer-related issues. The practice case should entail methods, approach targeted, the objectives, methods of delivery and the channels of passing information to others. For the launch of new products, both customer and product-centric approaches are essential. Involving a large number of participants gives a chance for developing untrained

Time value of money for Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Time value of money for Starbucks - Essay Example There is some uncertainty as it relates to the repayment date. The interest rate could be higher and lower than it is currently. I would also take into consideration the risk involved in buying the bond as well as the opportunity cost involved. Starbucks is currently in financial difficulty and so there is a possibility that I may not receive the payment in a year’s time but at a later date. I would therefore require an interest rate which is higher than normal because of the additional risk involved with buying bonds in Starbucks instead of another bond or in an alternative investment. To account for the additional risk I would actually add a risk premium which would account for the uncertainty involved in investing in Starbucks. Discount Rate for Starbuck Bonds According to Brigham and Ehrhardt (2005) finding present values is known as discounting. The discount rate that would be used to calculate the amount to be paid would be dependent on the going interest rate on similar bonds. For example, if the current going interest rate is 8% and I expect it to increase to 9% in a year time then I would require a return of 9% on my investment. In this case I would need an additional 3% in order to cover the additional risk involved. Therefore the interest rate expected would increase to 12% (9% + 3%).

Training call center personnel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Training call center personnel - Essay Example Sales made will help the company to develop better strategies for developing other sectors. The customer strategy shall include customer profiling, which involves identifying who the clients of the business are and what they need. Access channels are another consideration and for this case, the website and retail shops will stock the new products. The company also needs to determine the way of communication with customers (International Financial Corporation, 2013). The practice case will have the methods of management involved because management practices form a fundamental part of success in administration. The case will also outline the objectives of the call center department and the how personnel involved should operate. The case will also have a provision for continuous learning to ensure that the trained staff will pass the information to the untrained. Such a method will mean that the system will involve many employees, not just a few. It is necessary that the company embraces the use technology to reach and market the product. For instance, the website forms the essential component of the technological aspect of the case system. Implementation of the case will take differentiated teaching styles, but which should emphasize involvement. Participants will gain knowledge of creativity on how to tackle customer-related issues. The practice case should entail methods, approach targeted, the objectives, methods of delivery and the channels of passing information to others. For the launch of new products, both customer and product-centric approaches are essential. Involving a large number of participants gives a chance for developing untrained

War Photography Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

War Photography - Coursework Example But at its most simple, the photograph (whether it be of a flower in bloom or of a man being shot) is seen as "authentic" because it shows, most of the time at least, what it literally purports to show. Take one of the most famous war photographs ever taken: Another definition is in order here. The dictionary defines propaganda as "1. the systematic propagation of a doctrine or cause. 2. Material disseminated by the advocates of a doctrine or cause" (American, 2003). In general, 'propaganda' has come to imply some one-sided presentation that, while perhaps reflecting an actual event or facts, in reality is skewing them in one very particular way. Propaganda is now used as a pejorative whereas when the word was first used, in the First World War it was merely a descriptor of a certain kind of news technique. This analysis will consider war photography through the discussion of four contrasting wars: the Spanish Civil War, the Vietnam War, the Falklands War and the Gulf War. Each war may be seen as a fulcrum around which many different forces were revolving. Within the context of photography, different technological developments and the ease of photography provided new opportunities for photographers as the century advanced, and new difficulties for those who would seek to control the images produced by those photographers. There is a massive difference between the fragile, heavy and difficult-to-use cameras of the Nineteenth Century and the powerful, easily used cameras of this century. The former needed days to produce the photographs that had been taken, and because of the transportation systems of the time, maybe weeks or even months to reach a major media outlet for publication. Today a digital photograph can be taken and published to the Internet within seconds, thus giving access to the whole world. This situation provides numerous challenges for mass media outlets and for the government agencies that would seek to control the dissemination of information/documentation. The war photograph is a central focus for this control. As a brief glance at Adams's famous photograph of the "execution" illustrates, even a single photograph can raise a number of perhaps unanswerable questions. If the photograph is seen as "propaganda", whose viewpoint would be being put forward If a photograph is "untouched" by manipulative editing, can it be anything other than authentic I The Beginnings of War Photography: The Spanish Civil War and World War II Wars have been photographed virtually since the beginning of photography. The American Civil War provides thousands of photographs of battlefields in the aftermath of the killing and portraits of soldiers provide a memorable record of the strain that this "total war" produced. Similarly, the First World War produced many images of that incomparable carnage but these were mostly taken after the event as the cameras were large, fragile and unwieldy, exposures often took several minutes (in the Nineteenth

Healthcare Managment Essay Example for Free

Healthcare Managment Essay What is healthcare management? Let’s sum it up to get a better sense of all what partakes in it, as well of doing it in an effective way. Simply put is the overseeing of all the healthcare facilities. Most likely patient encounter is not so likely, unless there is a means to speak or deal with a situation directly with patient. Healthcare relates to insurance companies, organization, and hospitals. It can get a little difficult because there are so many roles such ass, human resources, equipment, and scheduling . Being in this field is quite diverse, due to the many fields. Four Functions * As I mentioned before having this role you must be effective, in doing so there are functions that need to be set and used on a day to day basis. The first is â€Å"organizing†, which to have organization is wonderful and keeps things running smoothly. What does this consist of simply understanding your staff and helping them with their staff by assigning them with their own and last but not least support. When employees have this to fall back on it helps in many ways for the organization. Second, â€Å"planning† you can never go wrong if you plan right and plan ahead. There are objectives that need to completed, which requires decision to be made. It gives an overview of what is expected and gives better insight for all. Third, â€Å"controlling† it is not necessarily what may come to mind at first. Managers have an obligation to always we on top of things, therefore in order for this to be done being involved with the performance of the team must come into pl ay. This allows management to be able to focus on what needs to be done whether good or bad. In turn it gives an overview of how things our running. Fourth, â€Å"leading† I see as not trying to be someone’s boss/manager it is someone who builds you up for success. I can say myself that putting all four functions to work together every work day probably is not so easy. No manager is perfect, the most important thing is that you try to incorporate all in some fashion and with that things should be effective. Having children myself I feel that I am a manager with everything to go with all wrapped up in one. I am needed to make my household run in functional way. If there were no guidelines and leadership it would all come tumbling down. What Do I Want to Gain? * Learning how to be more diversified and in the professional healthcare world. I feel very strongly about this because my most absolute goal is to become a healthcare manager and I know that there is an overwhelming increases in diversity now days. Since knowing this and seeing I first hand I would like to make sure that when I become a manager for a facilities I can uphold the standard and respect for all people. This is not only for the staff, but for the patient’s sake as well. Having the knowledge and to be able to teach other and implement it within. References Lombardi, D. N., Schermerhorn, J. R. (2007). Health care management: Tools and techniques for managing in a health care environment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Sherman, C. (1999). Raising management standards in American healthcare. Healthcare Executive, 14(2), 12-7. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/200287995?accountid=35812 Wallick, W. G., Stager, K. J. (2002). Healthcare managers roles, competencies, and outputs in organizational performance improvement / practitioner response. Journal of Healthcare Management, 47(6), 390-401; discussion 401-2. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/206729167?accountid=35812

An Exegetical Essay On John Chapter 1 Religion Essay

An Exegetical Essay On John Chapter 1 Religion Essay INTRODUCTION Unlike the synoptic Gospels, the Gospel of John does not begin with the historical Jesus, instead, the author exalts his eternal existences over his earthly entrance into the world. The eternal existence of Jesus is perceived by the use of Word (logos) in the prologue. Thus, the author begins his gospel with the words, In the beginning was the Wordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Johns Gospel stresses on the deity of Jesus, he strikes the reader straight with the Greek Word (Logos) as a replacement of Jesus until the end of the prologue. One could say that the understanding of this Gospel is centred on the Word (logos) as a key affirmation of the entire Gospel. The prologue affirms that Jesus used the eternal Word which has been translated from the Greek word (logos). In chapter (1:1-5) the author talked about the pre- existence, in (1:6-8) he elaborated on the witness of John the Baptist, in (1:9-13) he highlighted on the light coming to the worlds, in (1:14-18) he accounted on the incarnation of th e Word. This prologue is specially or specifically designed to prepare the way for the evidence of the doings of no ordinary person but Jesus Christ. This paper is an attempt to exegete the passage of (John 1:1-18). The Pre-existence Word (1:1-5) The commencement of this Gospel as stated, in the beginning was the word has something to do with (Genesis 1:1). John was trying to say that Jesus Christ was in the beginning and He was the Word which existed in the beginning before creation or before the world began and was fully God (John 1:1-3). Jesus is indeed the creator, sustainer of all belongings, our source of living and the establishment of eternal life. To understand this concept one must commence with the Father-Son relationship which is the central revelation of Johns Gospel and also the key to understand the sayings and deeds of Christ Jesus (17:5, 24). Extensively, this term (logos) which has a meaning in English as the Word was used in Greek literature or theologians and philosophers; among them were the Stoics who used the term to describe the principle of divine reason which caused the natural creature to grow.  [1]  Philo of Alexander was the mastermind of this idea in his writings and maintained it as an instr ument of the world creation. There are dissimilarities between the usage of the Word by John and Philo. In the mind of Philo, he by no means consider the Word as a person and he did not maintain its pre-existence, he denied the incarnation of the Word which is known as Jesus. But in Johns mind the Word was maintained and became flesh. This points to Jesus Christ who came to save humanity and dwell among them. One could say the fifth verse of this chapter shows the compassion of the author as a beloved disciple and an eyewitness of Jesus who is trying to communicate the good news to the Jews, Greek philosophers and all kinds of people from generation to generation in his writings. Here John declares that Jesus Christ is the true light, who shines in the darkness, but the darkness which can be translated as sinful man has not understood it. The better understandings of this verse rely on (verse10-11).  [2]   Witness of John the Baptist (1:6-8) At this point, the author diverted his thought form eternity towards historical. These verses point to the identity of no other person but John the Baptist who is not the light; however Johns job is to testify that Jesus is the coming light. This testimony of John appears strongly in public in (verse 15-34).  [3]  Johns idea is that, people might believe in Jesus alone and that He is the saviour. Light Coming to the World (1:9-13) In verses 9-13, Johns emphasis has changed from witness to Jesus as the true light that gives light to every man coming into the world. He is the fulfilment of all light foreshadowed and the one who called light into existence (Genesis 1:3).  [4]   Regarding the statement of John concerning the world did not recognise him here it means something further than created world? John is referring to people who opposed or do not believe in God or those who reject Christ as the true light. The Israelites were chosen by God to prepare the rest of the world for Christs coming but they rejected Him despite the prophecies recorded in the Old Testament.  [5]  In verses 12-13, the author elaborates on how some people received the Word. Johns centre of attention is based on the covenant people of God or believers who receive the power to be children of God. This implies to the children who are not born of natural or physical human descent. This is for those who receive Jesus Christ as their personal saviour; they are spiritually born again and have received a completely new life from God through faith. Incarnation of the Word (1:14-18) This last section of the prologue explains how the divine Word points how Jesus came into the world in a human form. Apostle Paul, one of the major characters in the New Testament writings understood this concept (Colossians 2:9). The word became flesh and made his dwelling among us (John1:14). The first century church debated on how the Word who was God could become human but thats not important to John because his main concern is to explain the price that Christ paid. The bible explains how Gods presence was in the midst of the children of Israel in the tabernacle (Exodus 40:34-38), although that was on temporal basis. John also has a similar view in a sense that the Word became flesh or Jesus became like mortal human being and made his dwelling among us likewise Gods presence to the children of Israel in the tabernacle. According to Kruse, the reference to glory is also an allusion to Gods presence in the tabernacle. Moses was instructed by God to build a tabernacle and after fini shing Moses couldnt enter the Tent of meeting because it was covered by the cloud and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle (Exodus 40:34-35). And that same way Gods glory is been manifested in the Word made flesh. John was an eye witness to Christs earthly life and ministry and he saw His glory. He firstly saw the glory of the One and Only who came from the Father. Further more, he saw Christ as the one who comes from the Father and the fact that he is the source of grace and truth.  [6]  The evangelists intention is for people to see Christs ministry us a manifestation of Gods grace and an exposure of his truth. Christ makes it possible for people to know God better than before, for the reason that God became visible and tangible in Christ. And he is the perfect manifestation of God in human form. Moses accentuated the law of God and His justice, but Christ emphasized His mercy, forgiveness, faithfulness and love. Moses was known as law giver, however Christ is known as the fulfilment of the law (Matthew 5:17).  [7]   This last verse of the prologue is a reminder of the first verse. There was no other better means for people to know God unless the Word point to Jesus Christ the One and Only Son of the living God. Regarding the statement John made that no one has ever seen God it has something to do with the OT in a sense that Moses did not have the chance to see God face to face, although prophet Isaiah said my eyes have seen the King, the Lord Almighty (Isaiah 6:5), none of the prophets were able to see Gods essential nature. He may be seen in anthropomorphism, but Christ Jesus made it possible to His inner essence or nature. Through Jesus Christ Gods nature and will is been revealed. The more a person gets closer to Christ, the better he or she understands the will of God. In Christ people saw the clear picture of God and even touched Him.  [8]   Conclusion The major concern of John in his prologue is to portray Jesus as an eternal being who has existed from the beginning with God. Furthermore, the prologue describes the incarnation of Christ, by coming in human form so as to identify with humanity and to save them from sin. John shows us the complete deity, the divinity and the fullness of God in Christ Jesus. Christ makes it possible for people to know God better than before, for the reason that God became visible and tangible in Christ. And he is the perfect manifestation of God in human form. Moses accentuated the law of God and His justice, but Christ emphasized His mercy, forgiveness, faithfulness and love. John wrote this gospel so that we might believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God and by believing we may have eternal life (John 20:31).

The Colonies By 1763: A New Society? Essay -- essays research papers

The Colonies by 1763: A New Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Between the settlement at Jamestown in 1607 and the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the most important change that occurred in the colonies was the emergence of a society quite different from that in England. Changes in religion, economics, politics and social structure illustrate this Americanization of the transplanted Europeans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By 1763, although some colonies still maintained established churches, other colonies had accomplished a virtual revolution for religious toleration and separation of church and state. The Anglican Church was the only established denomination in England. In contrast, the colonies supported a great variety of churches. The largest were the Congregationalist, Anglican, and German churches, but many smaller denominations could be found through the colonies. In addition to this, a high percentage of Americans didn’t belong to any church. These differences could be attributed to the fact that many of the Europeans who immigrated to America didn’t fit in to or agree with the churches in their homelands.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a similar economic revolution, the colonies outgrew their mercantile relationship with the mother country and developed an expanding capitalist system of their own. In England, the common view was that the colonies only purpose was to compliment and support the homeland. This resulted in a series of laws and protocols called th...

Different Type of Toys

Toy A teddy bear A toy is any object that can be used for play. Toys are associated commonly with children and pets. Playing with toys is often thought to be an enjoyable means of training the young for life in human society. Different materials are used to make toys enjoyable and cuddly to both young and old. Many items are designed to serve as toys, but goods produced for other purposes can also be used. For instance, a small child may pick up a household item and â€Å"fly† it through the air as to pretend that it is an airplane. Another consideration is interactive digital entertainment, such as a video game. Some toys are produced primarily as collector's items and are intended for display only. The origin of toys is prehistoric; dolls representing infants, animals, and soldiers, as well as representations of tools used by adults are readily found at archaeological sites. The origin of the word â€Å"toy† is unknown, but it is believed that it was first used in the 14th century. [1] Toys, and play in general, are important when it comes to growing up and learning about the world around us. The young use toys and play to discover their identity, help their bodies grow strong, learn cause and effect, explore relationships, and practice skills they will need as adults. Adults use toys and play to form and strengthen social bonds, teach, remember and reinforce lessons from their youth, discover their identity, exercise their minds and bodies, explore relationships, practice skills, and decorate their living spaces. Child development A rubber duck is a popular bathtime toy for small children. Toys, like play itself, serve multiple purposes in both humans and animals. They provide entertainment while fulfilling an educational role. Toys enhance cognitive behavior and stimulate creativity. They aid in the development of physical and mental skills which are necessary in later life. One of the simplest toys, a set of simple wooden blocks is also one of the best toys for developing minds. Andrew Witkin, director of marketing for Mega Brands told Investor's Business Daily that, â€Å"They help develop hand-eye coordination, math and science skills and also let kids be creative. â€Å"[8] Other toys like Marbles, jackstones, and balls serve imilar functions in child development, allowing children to use their minds and bodies to learn about spatial relationships, cause and effect, and a wide range of other skills as well as those mentioned by Mr. Witkin. One example of the dramatic ways that toys can influence child development involves clay sculpting toys such as Play-Doh and Silly Putty and their home-made counterparts. Mary Ucci, Educational Direct or of the Child Study Center of Wellesley College, demonstrates how such toys positively impact the physical development, cognitive development, emotional development, and social development of children. 9] Toys for infants often make use of distinctive sounds, bright colors, and unique textures. Through play with toys infants begin to recognize shapes and colors. Repetition reinforces memory. Play-Doh, Silly Putty and other hands-on materials allow the child to make toys of their own. Educational toys for school age children of often contain a puzzle, problem-solving technique, or mathematical proposition. Often toys designed for older audiences, such as teenagers or adults demonstrate advanced concepts. Newton's cradle, a desk toy designed by Simon Prebble, demonstrates the conservation of momentum and energy. Not all toys are appropriate for all ages of children. Some toys which are marketed for a specific age range can even harm the development of children in that range. Gender A toy tank with a remote control. Such toys are generally thought of as boys' toys. Certain toys, such as Barbie dolls and toy soldiers, are often perceived as being more acceptable for one gender than the other. It has been noted by researchers that, â€Å"Children as young as 18 months display sex-stereotyped toy choices†. 10] Playing with toys stereotyped for the opposite gender sometimes results in negative consequences from parents or fellow children. In recent years[citation needed], mainly in western countries[citation needed], it has been looked down upon for males to play with toys that were originally stereotyped as being girls' games and toys. However, it is generally not as looked down up on for females to play with toys designed â€Å"for boys†, an activity which has also become more common in recent years. [11] Economics Toys â€Å"R† Us operates over 1,500 stores in 30 countries and has an nnual revenue of US$13. 6 billion With toys comprising such a large and important part of human existence, it makes sense that the toy industry would have a substantial economic impact. Sales of toys often increase around holidays where gift-giving is a tradition. Some of these holidays include Christmas, Easter, Saint Nicholas Day and Three Kings Day. In 2005, toy sales in the United States totaled about $22. 9 billion. [8] Money spent on children between the ages of 8 and twelve alone totals approximately $221 million annually in the U. S. 12] Toy makers change and adapt their toys to meet the changing demands of children thereby gaining a larger share of the substantial market. In recent years many toys have become more complicated with flashing lights and sound s in an effort to appeal to children raised around television and the internet. According to Mattel's president, Neil Friedman, â€Å"Innovation is key in the toy industry and to succeed one must create a ‘wow' moment for kids by designing toys that have fun, innovative features and include new technologies and engaging content. In an effort to reduce costs, many mass-producers of toys locate their factories in areas where wages are lower. 75% of all toys sold in the U. S. , for example, are manufactured in China. [8] Issues and events such as power outages, supply of raw materials, supply of labor, and raising wages that impact areas where factories are located often have an enormous impact on the toy industry in importing countries. Many traditional toy makers have been losing sales to video game makers for years. Because of this, some traditional toy makers have entered the field of electronic games and are enhancing the brands that they have by introducing interactive extensions or internet connectivity to their current toys. [13] Physical activity A boy from Jakarta with his ball. Ball games tend to be good exercise, involving lots of physical activity and are popular worldwide. A great many toys are part of active play. These include traditional toys such as hoops, tops, jump ropes and balls, as well as more modern toys like Frisbees, foot bags, astrojax, Myachi, and the yo-yo. Playing with these sorts of toys allows children to exercise, building strong bones and muscles and aiding in physical fitness. Throwing and catching balls and frisbees can improve hand-eye coordination. Jumping rope, (also known as skipping) and playing with foot bags can improve balance. Safety regulations Toys with small pieces, such as these Lego elements are required by law to have warnings about choking hazards in some countries. Many countries have passed safety standards limiting the types of toys that can be sold. Most of these seek to limit potential hazards, such as choking or fire hazards that could cause injury. Children, especially very small ones, often put toys into their mouths, so the materials used to make a toy are regulated to prevent poisoning. Materials are also regulated to prevent fire hazards. Children have not yet learned to judge what is safe and what is dangerous, and parents do not always think of all possible situations, so such warnings and regulations are important on toys. There have also been issues of toy safety regarding lead paint. Some toy factories, when projects become too large for them to handle, outsource production to other less known factories, often in other countries. Recently, there were some in China that America had to send back. The subcontractors may not be watched as closely and sometimes use improper manufacturing methods. The U. S. government, along with mass market stores, is now moving towards requiring companies to submit their products to testing before they end up on shelves. [17]

Inventory management

Do they ever face the problem of receiving orders for an item that their vendor is not able to fulfill because it is out-of-stock (over-ordering or running out of stock)? I. If no, can this be a problem they might have in the future? 1. If no, why not? N. If yes, how does the vendor handle it? 1. Cancels Order a. Does canceling order affect your relationship with the customer? B. Does canceling order affect the customer reputation for the vendor? C. Are there any other issues associated with canceling an order? 2. Purchases from another vendor to fulfill order a.Does it affect their profit margin? B. Are there any other Issues associated with purchasing from another vendor? . Vendor will manufacture additional products to fulfill order a. Does this affect the delivery time? I. If yes 1 . Is changing delivery time okay with you? 2. Is changing delivery time okay with the customer? B. Are there any other Issues associated with manufacturing product after an online order has been receiv ed? 4. Is there another way to handle this Issue apart from canceling and order / Purchasing from another vendor / manufacturing additional products? Iii.Would it help your vendors to have a tool that allows them to manage inventory across multiple online marketplaces? 1 . If yes a. Would your vendors be willing to pay for such a tool? B. Does your marketplace allow for a software to connect to your online marketplace using a Website API to allow l. Product uploads Inventory updates iii. Orders v. Viewing competitors asking prices c. Would you be willing to help us market such a tool? 2. If no, why not? V. Do you encourage your vendors to view their competitors pricing and price their products accordingly? 1 . If yes, would It help your vendors to have a tool that allows Inventory Management Purpose of research A study of inventory management is undertaken in order to know the inventory performance and position of selected companies and to know the strength and weakness and to assess the profitability of the companies. Inventories constitute most significant part of assets of large majority of the companies in India. Inventory a double edged sword is usually an asset of an organization, if not used properly it will become liability. It is therefore absolutely very important to manage inventories efficiently and effectively in order to overcome unnecessary investment.Excessive stock, or excess inventory, is the result of bad management of stock demand or of material flow in process management. Excessive stock is also associated with loss of revenue owing to additional capital bound with the purchase or simply storage space taken. Shortage of stocks leads to loss of business, hence inventory management plays a key role. Literature review: †¢Article on inventory manage ment by weilege †¢Case study on coco-cola bottling inventory management by S. L Adyemi †¢Article on inventory management by James H Aim: â€Å"To identify the problems/challenges involved in the Inventory Management process†Objectives: 1. To study the inventory control measures and methods of valuation of inventory of selected companies in India of manufacturing industry 2. To identify problems related to inventory management specific to manufacturing industry of selected companies 3. To make a comparative study of inventory management of selected companies under manufacturing industries and to offer suggestions for effective inventory management Hypothesis: Research hypothesis: â€Å"Optimum inventory management leads to profitability of companies† Research methodology: a)Primary data:The primary data will be collected by personal interviews with officials. b) Secondary data Files, annual reports, periodicals, manuals and text book. Which have already been p assed through the statistical process are the secondary data used. Scope of the study: †¢ This study is to find the facts and opinions of inventory management and control of selected companies under manufacturing industries. †¢ In accordance with the present trends it aims mainly at finding out the inventory control procedures. Limitation of the study †¢ The study is related to only specific or selected companies in India of manufacturing industries.Proposed content of the dissertation: 1. Chapter 1: introduction 2. Chapter 2: literature review 3. Chapter 3: data collection and research methodology 4. Chapter 4: analysis and data interpretations 5. Chapter 5: findings and recommendations 6. Chapter 6: Conclusion 7. Bibliography 8. Annexure Work plan: First two weeks : literature review next two weeks: data collection for the project next four weeks: analysis and interpretation of data next two weeks: Findings and suggestions or recommendations next two weeks: compilin g of project report last few weeks : correction of report and final report preparation. Inventory Management Purpose of research A study of inventory management is undertaken in order to know the inventory performance and position of selected companies and to know the strength and weakness and to assess the profitability of the companies. Inventories constitute most significant part of assets of large majority of the companies in India. Inventory a double edged sword is usually an asset of an organization, if not used properly it will become liability. It is therefore absolutely very important to manage inventories efficiently and effectively in order to overcome unnecessary investment.Excessive stock, or excess inventory, is the result of bad management of stock demand or of material flow in process management. Excessive stock is also associated with loss of revenue owing to additional capital bound with the purchase or simply storage space taken. Shortage of stocks leads to loss of business, hence inventory management plays a key role. Literature review: †¢Article on inventory manage ment by weilege †¢Case study on coco-cola bottling inventory management by S. L Adyemi †¢Article on inventory management by James H Aim: â€Å"To identify the problems/challenges involved in the Inventory Management process†Objectives: 1. To study the inventory control measures and methods of valuation of inventory of selected companies in India of manufacturing industry 2. To identify problems related to inventory management specific to manufacturing industry of selected companies 3. To make a comparative study of inventory management of selected companies under manufacturing industries and to offer suggestions for effective inventory management Hypothesis: Research hypothesis: â€Å"Optimum inventory management leads to profitability of companies† Research methodology: a)Primary data:The primary data will be collected by personal interviews with officials. b) Secondary data Files, annual reports, periodicals, manuals and text book. Which have already been p assed through the statistical process are the secondary data used. Scope of the study: †¢ This study is to find the facts and opinions of inventory management and control of selected companies under manufacturing industries. †¢ In accordance with the present trends it aims mainly at finding out the inventory control procedures. Limitation of the study †¢ The study is related to only specific or selected companies in India of manufacturing industries.Proposed content of the dissertation: 1. Chapter 1: introduction 2. Chapter 2: literature review 3. Chapter 3: data collection and research methodology 4. Chapter 4: analysis and data interpretations 5. Chapter 5: findings and recommendations 6. Chapter 6: Conclusion 7. Bibliography 8. Annexure Work plan: First two weeks : literature review next two weeks: data collection for the project next four weeks: analysis and interpretation of data next two weeks: Findings and suggestions or recommendations next two weeks: compilin g of project report last few weeks : correction of report and final report preparation.

Strategic Planning Case Study- Dunkin Donuts

Strategic Hospitality Management A case analysis of Dunkin’ Donuts with a focus on tools available for strategic planning. April 2013 Abstract The following essay is based on the Quick Service Restaurants brand (QSR)- Dunkin’ Donuts. The company has been studied and a case study regarding the growth of the company from 1950 till today has been studied. Growth strategies of the company have been used to understand how they reached the position of America’s largest QSR.The Legal, Moral and Ethical Issues of the company have also been studied and the solutions to those issues and the implementation has been studied Contents Abstracti Introduction1 Strategic Planning1 The Process1 Dunkin’ Donuts3 Mission Statement3 Vision Statement3 Case Study3 Growth Strategy4 Growth Strategies used by Dunkin’ Donuts4 SWOT ANALYSIS9 Legal, Moral and Ethical Issues10 Conclusion and Recommendation11 Bibliography12 Part ‘A’ Introduction Strategic Planning Str ategic planning is a process that brings to life the mission and vision of he enterprise. A strategic plan, well crafted and of value, is driven from the top down; considers the internal and external environment around the business; is the work of the managers of the business, and is communicated to all the business stakeholders, both inside and outside of the company. As a company grows and as the business environment becomes more complex the need for strategic planning becomes greater. There is a need for all people in the corporation to understand the direction and mission of the business.Companies consistently applying a disciplined approach to strategic planning are better prepared to evolve as the market changes and as different market segments require different needs for the products or services of the company. The Process There is no one formula or process for strategic planning. There are however, principles and required steps that optimize the value of strategic planning. The steps in the process described in this series of articles on strategic planning are presented below: * Current Situation Analysis Segmentation Analysis * Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threat Analysis * Core Competencies Analysis * Key Success Factors * Business Unit Strategy / Business Plan * Balanced Score Card * Evaluation The choice, of the planning process that works best, should be driven by the culture of the organization, and by the comfort level of the participants. The strategic planning process must mirror the cultural values and goals of the company. There are a number of important steps to remember in the process of strategic planning.They include collecting a meaningful and broad data base, resourcefully thinking about separation, defining gaps, assessing core competencies, and understanding the identifying critical resources and skills. An important distinction in the process is to recognize the difference between strategic planning and the work being done , and strategic thinking, or the creative, intuitive input. The planning element involves the data collection, goal setting, expectation definition and statement of direction.Strategic thinking includes the intuitive and creative elements. This thinking process takes into account and helps to leverage the values of the internal culture of the business and external characteristics of the market. Strategic planning can be a challenging process, particularly the first time it is undertaken in a company. With patience and perseverance as well as a strong team effort the strategic plan can be the beginning of improved and predictable results for a company.At times when the business gets off track a strategic plan can help direct the recovery process. When strategic planning is treated as an ongoing process it becomes a competitive advantage and an offensive assurance of improved day to day execution of the business practices. (Mathews & Lee) Use of an outside, independent facilitator can help in the process and in the development of a strategic plan. An outside resource can provide objectivity and serve as a â€Å"devil’s advocate† as well as a sounding board for the management charged with plan development.In the final analysis the plan must have the authorship and ownership of the owner and the managers who must execute and follow the strategic plan. It must be their plan. The strategic plan, to be of real long-term value, must be treated as an ongoing business process. It must be reflective of the owners’ mission and vision. It must evolve and change to reflect changing market and economic conditions. It must be proactive to competitive, market and economic conditions. If those steps are followed, the strategic plan will institutionalize a culture of continuous improvement and disciplined change.Strategic planning, when treated as a work in progress, rather than as a binder on a shelf, or a file in a computer, provides business with a real a nd lasting competitive advantage. It will help determine and direct the quality of relationships with suppliers, employees, unions, customers, and bankers. To get your business to where you desire it to be, start with determination and drive to develop a useful and living strategic planning process. Give it strong support and leadership from the top down. Develop and evolve it with participation and buy-in from the bottom up.Strategic planning is your company’s road map to your vision. (Wheelin, 2005) Dunkin’ Donuts Dunkin’ Donuts is a business in food retail. They are the world’s largest coffee and baked goods chain. Dunkin’ Donuts have been in business since 1950 and have been franchising since 1995. This franchise serves more than 2 million customers a day. Dunkin’ Donuts is owned by Dunkin’ Brands. Dunkin’ Brands has two companies in its portfolio which are Dunkin’ Donuts and Baskin Robins. It works under a 100% fran chise model and reduces store costs and can then concentrate more on menu and product innovation.Mission Statement Make and serve the freshest, most delicious coffee and donuts quickly and courteously in modern, well- Merchandized stores. Vision Statement America run on Dunkin’ Case Study From the beginning from a single restaurant in Quincy Massachusetts, Dunkin’ Donuts is now a Global brand with more than 10,000 locations in 32 countries. The growth is testimony to the fact that people everywhere appreciate what Dunkin’ Donuts offers: High Quality food and beverages served all day in a friendly, fast environment at a great value.In the United States, Dunkin’ Donuts has maintained steady, strategic and disciplined growth, opening new restaurants in the core markets in the north – east and in cities all throughout Mid Atlantic, Southern and Midwest states. (Donuts, 2011)They now have more than 7,000 restaurants in 36 states and the District of Colu mbia, Dunkin’ Donuts is an important part of life for millions of Americans. While Dunkin’ Donuts has nationwide brand recognition, they have a significant opportunity to expand the number of restaurants in the United States as well as all around the world.The company believes that they can double the footprint in the U. S to 15,000 Dunkin’ Donut Restaurants over the next 20 years. The company has a strong presence internationally as well with more than 3000 Dunkin’ Donut Restaurants over 31 international countries across 4 continents. The company maintains stable global expansion, opening new restaurants in Europe, Asia, Middle East and Latin and South American countries. Dunkin’ Donuts has already opened more than 88 locations in Greater China and has nearly opened 900 shops in South Korea.In 2010, the brand Re-entered Russia with new restaurants in Moscow, and in 2012, the first set of Dunkin’ Donut Restaurants were opened in India and Gu atemala. (Donuts, 2011) To achieve this high rate of growth across most of the world, and a vision to continue to achieve and steadily grow at a high rate Dunkin’ Donuts under the company Dunkin’ Brands has a strongly formulated Growth Strategy. Growth Strategy Growing a business requires ongoing work in an environment of continually emerging global challenges.One of the most fundamental aspects of the growth process is the formation and distribution of competences within and among organizations. To a large extent, the challenges for businesses are innovation and internationalization to grow businesses. The goal of any business growth is to increase revenue and profitability with a reduced business cycle time that is more productive, innovative and export-led, delivers high-value products/services for customers and markets around the world. The following are major areas where businesses have to take initiatives to support growth strategy: * Market Growth Financial Tran sformational Initiatives * Supply Chain Management * Outsourcing Concept (Kumar, 2010) Growth Strategies used by Dunkin’ Donuts 1. Increase comparable store sales and profitability in Dunkin’ Donuts U. S. The company’s largest operating segment, Dunkin’ Donuts U. S. experienced positive comparable store sales growth in eight of the last ten fiscal years. The fiscal year 2011 with comparable store sales growth of 5. 1%, was the highest annual comparable store sales growth since 2005, and 7. 4% for the fourth quarter of 2011, which was the highest quarterly performance in the past seven years.There is a strong intention to continue building on comparable store sales growth momentum and improving profitability through the following initiatives: * Further increase coffee and beverage sales. Since the late 1980s, the company has been transformed into a coffee-focused brand and have developed a significantly enhanced menu of beverage products. Approximately 60% of Dunkin’ Donuts U. S. franchisee-reported sales for fiscal 2011 were generated from coffee and other beverages, which is believe to generate increased customer visits to the stores and higher unit volumes, and which produce higher margins than their other products.They plan to increase the coffee and beverage revenue through continued new product innovations and related marketing, including advertising campaigns such as ’America Runs on Dunkin’ in 2011 Dunkin’ Donuts created a product called the K- Cups, which is a 12$ box with 14 K-Cups. This product had been an idea from the customers themselves, as it is an easier and more convenient method. It is used in the Keurig brewing system. The company that makes them, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters Inc. , first announced its partnership with Dunkin' Donuts in February.Dunkin's decision to sell the K-Cups only in its outlets will help drive customers there and perhaps lead them to make additional purchases. It could also keep the brand from becoming too omnipresent, which is widely believed to be a mistake made by Krispy Krem`e Doughnuts Inc. when it started selling its products in gas stations and grocery stores. * Continue to develop enhancements in restaurant operations. The company will continue to maintain a highly operations-focused culture to help the franchisees maximize the quality and consistency of their customers’ in-store experience, as well as to increase franchisee profitability.In support of this, there has been an initial enhancement and ongoing restaurant manager and crew training programs and developed new in-store planning and tracking technology tools to assist the franchisees. As a result, over 164,000 respondents, representing approximately 93% of all respondents, to the company’s Guest Satisfaction Survey program in December 2011 rated their overall experience as â€Å"Satisfied† or â€Å"Highly Satisfied. † 2. Continue Dunkin’ Donuts U. S. Immediate store expansion The company believes there is a significant opportunity to grow the points of distribution for Dunkin’ Donuts in the U. S. iven the strong potential outside of the Northeast region to increase the per-capita penetration to levels closer to those in their core markets. The company’s development strategy resulted in 243 net new U. S. store openings in fiscal 2011. In 2012, it is expected that their franchisees will open an additional 260 to 280 net new points of distribution in the U. S. , principally in existing developed markets. They believe that strategy of focusing on contiguous growth has the potential to, over approximately the next 20 years, more than double our current U. S. footprint and reach a total of 15,000 points of distribution in the U.S. The following table details the per-capita penetration levels in the U. S. regions. Region| Population(ml)| Stores| Penetration| Core 36. 0 3| 768 1:9| 560| Core 36. 0 3| Eastern Established. 53. 8 2| 227 1:24| 160| Eastern Established. 53. 8 2| Eastern Emerging 88. 7 891 1:99| 600| 891| Eastern Emerging 88. 7 891 1:99| West 130. 0 129 1:1| 008| 100| West 130. 0 129 1:1| Table 1: As per December, 2011 * Increase penetration in existing markets. In the traditional core markets of New England and New York, there now is a Dunkin’ Donuts store for every 9,560 people.In the near term, there is an intention to focus the core development on other markets east of the Mississippi River, where currently there is only approximately one Dunkin’ Donuts store for every 99,600 people. In certain established Eastern U. S. markets outside of their core markets, such as Philadelphia, Chicago and South Florida, they have already achieved per-capita penetration of greater than one Dunkin’ Donuts store for every 24,160 people. * Expand into new markets using a disciplined approach. The Company believes that the Western part of the U. S. epresents a significa nt growth opportunity for Dunkin’ Donuts. However, a disciplined approach to development is the best one for the brand and franchisees. Specifically, in the near term, they intend to focus on development in markets that are adjacent to the existing base, and generally move westward in an immediate fashion to less penetrated markets, providing for marketing and supply chain efficiencies within each new market. * Focus on store-level economics. In recent years, they have undertaken significant initiatives to further enhance store-level economics for their ranchisees, * Reducing the cash investment for new stores. * Increasing beverage sales. * Lowering supply chain costs and implementing more efficient store management systems. The Company believes these initiatives have further increased franchisee profitability. Dunkin’ Donuts recently entered into an agreement with the franchisee-owned supply chain cooperative that provides for a three-year phase in of flat invoice pr icing across the franchise system, which, coupled with the cost reductions noted above, should lead to cost savings across the entire franchise system.It is believed that this will be one of the drivers of the immediate development strategy, by improving store-level economics in all markets, but particularly in newer markets where their growth is targeted. Store-level economics have also continued to benefit from increased national marketing and from the introduction of Dunkin’ K-Cups into their restaurants. 3. Drive Accelerated International Growth. They believe there is a significant opportunity to grow points of distribution Dunkin’ Donuts in international markets.Their international expansion strategy has resulted in more than 3,500 net new openings in the last ten years. The key Elements of the future Growth Strategies are: * Grow in Their existing core markets. The Company’s international development strategy for Dunkin’ Donuts includes growth in th eir existing core markets. Dunkin’ Donuts intends to focus on growth in South Korea and the Middle East, where they currently have 857 and 229 points of distribution, respectively. During fiscal 2012, the company is expected to open approximately 350- 450 new points of distribution internationally, principally in their existing markets.However, there can be no assurance that their franchisees will be successful in opening this number of, or any, additional points of distribution. * Capitalize on other markets with significant growth potential. Dunkin’ Donuts intends on expanding in certain international focus markets where the brand does not have a significant store presence, but where they believe there is consumer demand for the products as well as strong franchisee partners. In 2011, it was announced that an agreement with an experienced QSR franchisee to enter the Indian market with Dunkin’ Donuts brand.The agreement calls for the development of at least 500 Dunkin’ Donuts restaurants throughout India, the first of which is expected to open by the second quarter of 2012. By teaming with local operators, it is believed they are better able to adapt the brands to local business practices and consumer preferences. * Further develop the franchisee support infrastructure. Dunkin’ Donuts plan to increase the focus on providing international franchisees with operational tools and services that can help them to efficiently operate in their markets and become more profitable.Dunkin’ Donuts plans to focus on improving on native-language restaurant training programs and updating existing restaurants for the new international retail restaurant designs. To accomplish this, we are dedicating additional resources to our restaurant operations support teams in key geographies in order to assist international franchisees in improving their store-level operations. (Brands, 2012) Segment| Q2 2012 Comparable Store Sales Growth| Q1 2012 Comparable Store sales Growth| Q2 2012System wideSales Growth| Q1 2012 System wideSales Growth| Dunkin’ Donuts U. S| 4. 0%| 7. 2%| 7. %| 11. 5%| Dunkin’ Donuts International| 3. 5%| 2. 3%| 1. 5%| 4. 8%| The long-term prospects of Dunkin' Brands seem very impressive. Dunkin' Brands is compensated as a percent of franchisee top-line and it bears basically no store operating costs itself. With only 36 company- owned points of distribution out of a total of 17,016 as of June 30, 2012, the company is less affected by store level costs and profitability and fluctuations in commodity costs than many other QSR operators. (Saibus, 2012) SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths * High operating Profit Margin * Lower Costs than Industry High Brand Recognition * Becoming Socially Responsible Weaknesses * High Debt * Low Return on Equity Ratio * High Interest Rate * Need to better manage Fixed assets Opportunity * Pay off some debt * Open more stores in the West * Capitalize on high customer Loyal ty Threats * Low entry Barriers into Industry * Health Conscious society and Starbucks focusing on Health and Wellness * Krispy Kreme expands into the Global Market Part ‘B’ Legal, Moral and Ethical Issues * Recently in news articles, it was reported that there were approximately 350 lawsuits between Dunkin’ and its franchisees.The company has been accused of aggressively targeting shop owners in an effort to terminate franchise agreements and in the process collect hefty fees and penalties for alleged contract violations. Michelle King is Dunkin’s Director of Public Relations and he states that strongly encouraged Dunkin’ Brands to take a step back and reconsider its policy of litigation and instead embrace its process of mediation to settle disputes with franchise owners. He said, â€Å"It is the right thing to do to grow the brand in an increasingly challenging and competitive environment.DDIFO is ready, willing and able to help see this process of mediation come to fruition. † (Leiber, 2009) * Due to the sudden increase in the consciousness of health and wellness, Dunkin’ Donuts has come across a moral dilemma as most of their Products go against the code of healthy food. Their competitor Starbucks has taken a turn and concentrated more of healthy eating which has created a drop in the business of Dunkin’ Donuts, to overcome this the company has also started concentrating on health food and beverages. Dunkin’ Brands leaders have an added obligation to ensure that policies are communicated to employees and that business practices are designed to prevent improper conduct. They have a responsibility to build and maintain a culture of compliance by ensuring employees know that our integrity should never be compromised in order to achieve business results. The Code of Conduct provides employees and directors with guidance on doing the right thing. However, it is not an all inclusive list of doâ€℠¢s and don’ts.The Overview sections outline the intended behavior and the Expectations and Examples of What to Watch Out For sections provide some examples of what employees and directors should and should not do. (Dunkin', 2012) Conclusion and Recommendation Strategic planning and management is what makes or breaks a company or Brand. Dunkin’ Donuts, The Company I have done my study on is a brand which I think has put a lot of thought into the planning of business. Their techniques and business sense is what has brought them to be America’s most popular quick service restaurant chain.In this essay I have studied the growth strategies of the company and how from a single outlet in 1950, today it has a presence in most countries in the world. This is possible because of a proper vision that the company had and a set of strong Growth Strategies. The company has strongly believed in spreading and making their brand what people live by. I believe that Dunkin Donuts should aggressively target India, as it is expected to Grow over half a billion in Breakfast Food sales by 2016.The Asia pacific Region is growing rapidly and should be Targeted within the next five years. The company should capitalize more on college campuses as what they serve is directly related to the average diet of a teenager. They should target this market in both America and abroad. Bibliography Brands, D. (2012). Annual Report 2012. massechusetts: Edgar Online. Donuts, D. (2011). Global Presence. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from Dunkindonuts: http://www. dunkindonuts. com/content/dunkindonuts/en/company/global. tml Dunkin'. (2012). Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. Canton. Kumar, D. (2010). Enterprise Growth Strategy: Vision, Planning and Execution. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Group. Leiber, N. (2009, October 8). Attorneys Criticize Dunkin' Donuts' Litigious Behavior. Business Weekly . Mathews, J. F. , & Lee, H. Business Devlopment Index. Columbus: Ohio State University. Sa ibus. (2012). Dunkin' Brands Is Brewing Up Strong Perfomance. Seeking Alpha. Wheelin, T. (2005). Concepts in Strategic Mangement.

Starbucks Risk management items for this supplier global expansion Essay

Starbucks Risk management items for this supplier global expansion project and risk breakdown structure, which outlines the orga - Essay Example This writing analyses some of the risks, and risk management strategies employed by Starbuck due to adoption of global supply by Starbuck. Starbucks have always considered the nature of demand of their coffee thus using this as the base of selecting the best suppliers as a way of minimizing global supply risk. As much it may be hard to engage international supply because of many risks associated with the transaction, Starbuck went ahead and realized that risk and return are allied and therefore the more risky the business is, the higher the returns (Katrinli, Gunay & Biresselioglu, 2011). Starbuck is committed in her strong values of ensuring equal treatment of individuals both with respect and high degree of dignity as well as conservation of the environment and this applies to their supply chain. Supplier Code of conduct created by the company was driven by the need for their suppliers to embrace Starbuck’s values. This helps in reducing a lot of risks associated with global supply. Unless a global supplier adopts and strictly follows the Starbuck’s Coffee Sourcing Guidelines, they may not qualify as the preferred suppliers for the company (Berman, Christner & Bell, 2010). Starbuck normally communicates to her suppliers and letting them know about their Supplier Code of Conduct. a supplier must always show commitment to the welfare, economic sustainability, measuring, reporting and verify compliance to the Supplier code of conduct. Also, suppliers must adhere to the local laws and international labor and human rights standard as well as good businesses strategies that enhance environmental protection. The company may carry out an independent audit or just random audit to verify supplier’s compliance (Trent & Llewellyn, 2010). Relationship between Starbuck and her global suppliers of green coffee is so much established in such a manner that the risk of non-delivery on purchases is minimal. As a way of ensuring continuous production of high quality green coffee and leadership sustainability Starbucks empowers her international coffee producers. Furthermore, Starbuck purchases coffee either through the fixed price or price to be fixed purchase commitments dependent on the market conditions (Katrinli, Gunay & Biresselioglu, 2011). Global supply chain is exposed to risks compared to local supply chains because they are longer and complex. In that regard, there is probability of experiencing more uncertainties and challenges thus making information technology very relevant and useful for Starbuck. Information regarding risks such as legal setbacks, custom fees, taxes, political conflicts and cultural differences may be gotten from the newspapers, the internet and other media or through whistleblowing. Thorough coordination and understanding of suppliers’ information is very useful. Such kind of information sources may reflect political turmoil and perhaps currency depreciation and other activities showing that the company is not doing very well (Trent & Llewellyn, 2010). Financial statements of a particular supplier may also be used by Starbucks to assess the level of risk associated with dealing with the company in question. Also, Starbuck may hear from the public opinion or media various serious allegations such as poor environmental dealings and unfriendly labor laws practiced by their suppliers. This is enough information to reflect the activities and the supplier’s attributes. Furthermore, St